The aim of this work is to provide a brief introduction of antimicrobial lipids and their current status and challenges, and to present a detailed discussion of ongoing research efforts to develop nanotechnology formulations of fatty acids and monoglycerides that enable superior in vitro and in vivo performance. Examples of nano-emulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and controlled release hydrogels are presented in order to highlight the potential that lies ahead for fatty acids and monoglycerides as next-generation antibacterial solutions. As a result of the research, the authors have developed a method for optimizing the composition and properties of the fat bases of milk and dairy products by mixing milk fat with non-dairy fats of various fatty acid groups. Studies on the chemical composition and physical and chemical properties of dietary fats have been carried out. The obtained data make it possible to theoretically substantiate the possibility of using animal and vegetable fats in the production of fat-containing dairy products with partial replacement of milk fat with vegetable oils, animal fats, or their mixtures, taking into account the formula for balancing the fatty acid composition. This method is available and convenient for use in production conditions.

Chicken has been used as a suitable model for lipid metabolism studies, because dietary modifications especially dietary fat type can change chicken body composition. Fats act as a condense source of energy and certain fatty acids such as Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are required for both animal and human health. The n-3 PUFAs, especially, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are well known for their favourable effects on human health. The n-3 PUFAs act as feed originated modulators of fatty acid oxidation and are feedback inhibitors of new fatty acid synthesis. This regulatory mechanism not only decreases overall liver lipid content and VLDL secretion, but also removes excessive very long-chain PUFA from cell membranes that may cause oxidant stress or damage membrane integrity. This paper reviews in brief the most important metabolic effects of PUFA in chickens.